Če slučajno koga zanima, pri OECD je bil objavljen nov delovni zvezek z našo raziskavo “Labour Market Polarization in Advanced Countries: Impact of Global Value Chains, Technology, Import Competition from China and Labour Market Institutions” na aktualno temo izginjanja srednjega razreda, ki bo naslednje leto (v nekoliko dopolnjeni verziji) objavljen v reviji Industrial and Corporate Change.
Koen Breemersch, Jože Damijan & Joep Konings
The past two decades have witnessed new global trends that shaped the economic fabric of developed economies and transformed their labor markets. One such trend is rapid technological change and the threat it poses to routine jobs through mechanization of the production process and computerization. A second trend is globalization which has manifested itself in the rise of new foreign economic powers, in particular China, and has led to increased import competition in developed economies and the restructuring of production processes in global value chains (GVCs). The emergence of China and GVCs in international trade and the swift changes in technology have led to a reexamination of the traditional way of thinking about the impacts of trade and technological change on labor markets. For instance, the ILO (2015) reports that one in five workers are estimated to work in global value chains indicating increased fragmentation of production into different activities and tasks, which is likely going to affect the relative demand and wages for skilled and unskilled workers. Similarly, Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2014) predict that in the second machine age the growth in productivity has been decoupled from jobs and income as in the digital economy a set of goods and services can be provided at a cost that is often close to zero. New technology does not inevitably reduce the overall demand for labor, but shifts demand to different kinds of work. In this context, labor markets of advanced countries have experienced substantial job polarization, with employment ‘polarizing’ into relatively high-skill, high-wage jobs and low-skill, low-wage jobs (Autor et al., 2006; Goos et al., 2009).
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