Zlato prekletstvo: Države ne postanejo bogate zaradi zlata…

… pač pa zaradi pridnosti – sposobnosti inovirati nove tehnologije in z njimi proizvajati več.

To je bila centralna tema knjige “Bogastvo narodov” Adama Smitha. Spodnja slika to izvrstno ilustrira. Španija kljub odkritju Južne Amerike in ropanju stotisočev ton zlata v obdobju 1500-1800 ni uspela povečati svoje blaginje (BDP na prebivalca). To pa je uspelo V. Britaniji, kjer je bil leta 1765 odkrit parni stroj (James Watt), ki je sprožil industrijsko revolucijo.

Sto let vojne proti Palestini

Rashid Khalidi v knjigi The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine: A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917–2017 združi akademsko zgodovinopisje, politično analizo in osebno družinsko zgodbo, da bi ilustriral zgodovino Palestincev kot ljudstva, ki je bilo več kot stoletje izpostavljeno kolonialnemu projektu, politični podreditvi, vojaški sili in sistematičnemu zanikanju nacionalnih pravic. Knjiga je hkrati zgodovinska razprava, politična obtožnica in osebno pričevanje potomca jeruzalemske družine, ki je bila vpletena v ključne dogodke palestinske zgodovine.

Rashid Khalidi je palestinsko-ameriški zgodovinar Bližnjega vzhoda, dolgoletni profesor na Univerzi Columbia na katedri Edwarda Saida za moderne arabske študije. Izobraževal se je na univerzah Yale in Oxford, bil urednik revije Journal of Palestine Studies, predsednik Middle East Studies Association in svetovalec palestinske delegacije v mirovnih pogajanjih po madridski konferenci v začetku devetdesetih let. (history.columbia.edu)

Osrednja teza knjige je, da dogajanja v Palestini od leta 1917 do leta 2017 ni mogoče razumeti kot simetričnega spopada dveh enakovrednih nacionalnih gibanj, temveč kot dolgotrajno kolonialno vojno proti domorodnemu palestinskemu prebivalstvu. Khalidi trdi, da so bile ključne prelomnice palestinske zgodovine povezane z zunanjimi silami: najprej z britanskim imperializmom, nato z mednarodno diplomacijo in nazadnje z odločilno ameriško podporo Izraelu. Knjiga je zgrajena okoli šestih zgodovinskih epizod, ki jih Khalidi razume kot “vojne napovedi” Palestincem: Balfourjeve deklaracije in britanskega mandata, ustanovitve Izraela in nakbe leta 1948, vojne leta 1967, izraelske invazije na Libanon leta 1982, prve intifade in mirovnega procesa v Oslu ter obdobja po drugi intifadi do leta 2017. 

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Kako dobra je koalicijska pogodba?

V podporo moji današnji kolumni v Dnevniku glede tega, ali koalicijska pogodba nove vladne koalicije prinaša prave rešitve za razvojne izzive (težave) Slovenije:

Ko sem prebral koalicijsko pogodbo, sem bil prijetno presenečen, ker naslavlja skorajda vse razvojne izzive, ki smo jih jaz in kolegi v mojem krogu (Bine Kordež, kolegi na GZS in SBC, gospodarstveniki in podjetniki, strokovnjaki na področju energetike in infrastrukture, davkov itd.) identificirali v zadnjih letih kot kritične in  zajema skorajda celoten spekter rešitev, ki smo jih v tem krogu predlagali. Seveda je ta krog omejen na podobno misleče. Vendar prav zato. Mene je v koalicijski pogodbi presenetila izjemno visoka stopnja skladnosti naših predlogov rešitev za identificirane izzive (probleme) s predlogi v koalicijski pogodbi.

Ta visoka stopnja skladnosti me je zaintrigirala do te mere, da sem naredil eksperiment. V tri modele umetne inteligence (UI) sem naložil koalicijsko pogodbo in 20 kolumen, ki sem jih napisal za Dnevnik v zadnjih dveh letih na osnovi analiz in strategij, ki sem jih naredil oziroma pri katerih sem sodeloval (glejte spodnji spisek), ter jim zastavil naslednjo nalogo:

»Analiziraj pripet tekst koalicijske pogodbe in primerjaj, kakšna je stopnja ujemanja oziroma kako skladen je s predlaganimi rešitvami in predlogi ukepov, ki sem jih predlagal v pripetih objavljenih kolumnah

Vsi trije modeli so našli izjemno visoko stopnjo ujemanja – med 70 in 90 % (glejte spodaj podroben izpis). Z drugimi besedami, koalicijska pogodba naslavlja skorajda vse ključne razvojne izzive Slovenije, kot sem jih v zadnjih dveh letih naslavljal v Dnevniku in jih načrtuje reševati z ukrepi, ki sem jih zapisal (in ki so v veliki meri rezultat skupnega dela velike skupine strokovnjakov različnih profilov, ki smo delali na različnih tovrstnih strateških projektih – od industrijske politike do energetike). Praktično edini zelo resen izziv, ki v koalicijski pogodbi ni ustrezno pokrit (in česar modeli UI niso opazili), je šepajoča inovacijska aktivnost v Sloveniji.

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Tau scaling – Huaweijeva revolucija v dizajniranju čipov

Frankly, Huawei’s announcement yesterday in Shanghai has just put in black and white what I’ve been trying to make you understand here for years.

To break it down simply, Huawei just announced at the IEEE ISCAS symposium a new physical law that replaces Moore’s Law—they call it the tau scaling law, and it literally changes the global semiconductor paradigm. In essence, instead of continuing to shrink transistors, which is hitting insurmountable quantum physical limits, they’re now optimizing the tau time constant across 4 levels simultaneously and achieving performance gains equivalent to what the Americans get with their EUV lithography at $200 million per machine—except they haven’t had access to that lithography since the 2019 sanctions.

China is therefore surpassing Silicon Valley on its own turf and making it obsolete, and what’s really playing out is the exact opposite of what Washington imagined when it decided on the 2019 sanctions.

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Munk Debate on Foreign Wars

Moške za stroje, ženske za štedilnik?

Tole se vam bo zdelo šokantno, toda o takšnih “rešitvah” se – če jih grobo poenostavimo – razpravlja v stroki. To so debate, ki so absolutno politično nekorektne in o katerih se ni primerno javno pogovarjati. Toda kot veste, hkrati s trendom rasti vključevanja žensk v terciarno izobraževanje in zaposlovanja, se je zaradi povečanja ekonomske neodvisnosti žensk zmanjšala stopnja porok, povečala stopnja ločitev in zmanjšala rodnost. To je zelo dobro dokumentirano v strokovni in znanstveni literaturi. In ključni problem danes je, kako spodbuditi rast rodnosti, brez da bi se evolucijsko vrnili v čase pred žensko emancipacijo. Ni dobrih rešitev. Rešitev ni tudi v tem, da bi moški ostajali doma, medtem ko bi ženske poskrbele za ekonomsko eksistenco družine. V strokovni literaturi je dokumentirano, kot kaže tudi ta spodnja diskusija, da prenos ekonomske eksistence družine z moških (“blue collar”) na ženske (“pink collar”) ne rešuje problema, ker moški ne morejo pristati na to “nenaravno” vlogo. Evolutivno je moška zaposlenost oziroma vloga “meat providerja” glavni poganjalec rodnosti.

Vse to seveda pomeni, da je problem padajoče rodnosti bistveno bolj kompleksen in da ga je bistveno bolj kompleksno reševati. Ne vem, če kdo pozna dobre rešitve.

Helen Andrews made a point that feels increasingly hard to ignore.

The shift from blue-collar to pink-collar jobs hasn’t just changed the economy; it’s quietly fueling a marriage crisis. Studies on areas hit hard by the China shock showed the sharpest drops in marriage rates happened where men lost stable work. When men aren’t economically flourishing, family formation stalls. You can’t simply swap who brings home the paycheck and expect the same results.

She argues we need more real manufacturing jobs — not just for economic security against China, but because strong male employment is a key driver of the next generation.

This one made me pause. We’ve celebrated the “feminization” of the workforce as progress for decades, but if it’s contributing to fewer marriages and fewer kids, maybe we’re missing something important.

Economies aren’t just about GDP. They’re about people building lives, families, and futures. When the job market stops supporting that for half the population, the downstream effects are massive.

Do you think bringing back more stable manufacturing jobs could help fix the marriage and birth rate decline, or is that too simplistic?

Sposobnost samokontrole kot ključni dejavnik uspeha v življenju

Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (začet 1972 v Novi Zelandiji), objavljen v Moffitt et al. (2011) “A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety”, v prestižni reviji Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

A team of researchers in New Zealand followed 1,037 babies from the day they were born for the next 45 years to find out what actually determines a successful adult life, and the strongest predictor they found had almost nothing to do with intelligence or family wealth.

The findings have been published in the most prestigious scientific journals in the world.

Almost no parent has heard of them.

His name is Avshalom Caspi. Her name is Terrie Moffitt.

They are a husband and wife research team based at Duke University and King’s College London, and the study they have spent their careers running is called the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. It started in 1972 in a single hospital in Dunedin, New Zealand. Every baby born there in a 12-month window was enrolled. 1,037 of them. The study is still running today.

The retention rate is the part that should astonish anyone familiar with how research usually works. After more than 45 years, over 90 percent of the original participants are still being tracked. Most longitudinal studies lose half their sample inside ten years. The Dunedin team has lost almost nobody.

They measured everything. Blood. DNA. Brain scans. Income. Criminal records. Romantic relationships. Drug use. Dental health. Sleep. Mental health. Lung function. They flew participants who had moved abroad back to Dunedin every few years for a full day of assessments. Some of those people now live in seven different countries. They still show up.

For the first decade of life, the team did something nobody else was doing systematically. They measured each child’s self-control. Not IQ. Not family income. Not parenting style. Self-control. They watched 3-year-olds in a research lab and rated their ability to wait, regulate frustration, follow instructions, and resist impulsive reactions. They added teacher ratings. They added parent ratings. They added the children’s own self-reports as they grew older. They combined all of it into a single highly reliable score.

Then they did the thing nobody else had the patience to do. They waited.

When the data came in at age 32, the result was so consistent it should be illegal to teach a child without it.

The children who scored lowest on self-control at age 3 grew into adults with worse physical health, more substance dependence, lower incomes, more credit card debt, higher rates of single parenthood, more criminal convictions, and worse mental health than the children who scored highest. The pattern was not subtle. It was a clean gradient. Every step up in childhood self-control produced a measurable step up in adult outcomes across every domain the team could measure.

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