Nemška vlada je po nesreči jedrskega reaktorja v japonski Fukushimi v afektu sklenila, da postopno v 10 letih (do 2022) zapre vse jedrske elektrarne. Kljub temu, da je Nemčija med vsemi EU državami najbolj napredna glede deleža energije, pridobljene iz obnovljivih virov, jo je odločitev o zaprtju jedrskih elektrarn odmaknila od podnebnih ciljev glede razogljičenja. Energijo iz zaprtih jedrskih elektrarn je namreč zamenjala energija iz kurjenja “umazanih” ogljičnih virov premoga in plina.
Tovrstnih strateških odločitev z zelo dolgoročnimi posledicami se pač ne sprejema v afektu. Problem je, ker bi za nadomestitev izpada jedrske energije morali inštalirati še za 5-kratnik obstoječih kapacitet (fotovoltaike, vetrnih elektrarn). To pa bi hkrati zahtevalo ogromna finančna sredstva, najrej v nove kapacitete, nato v omrežje in hkrati še v shranjevalnike energije (baterije). Ta račun je bržkone mnogo previsok.
According to a study from the U.S. non-profit National Bureau of Economic Research, Germany is paying dearly for this nuclear phase-out–with human lives.
The study looked at electricity generation data between 2011 and 2017 to assess the costs and benefits of the nuclear phase-out, which was triggered by the Fukushima disaster in 2011 and which to this day enjoys the support of all parliamentary powers in Europe’s largest economy. It just so happens that some costs may be higher than anticipated.
The shutting down of nuclear plants naturally requires the replacement of this capacity with something else. Despite its reputation as a leader in solar and wind, Germany has had to resort to more natural gas-powered generation and, quite importantly, more coal generation. As of mid-2019, coal accounted for almost 30 percent of Germany’s energy mix, with nuclear at 13.1 percent and gas at 9.3 percent.
The authors of the NBER study have calculated that “the social cost of the phase-out to German producers and consumers is $12 billion per year (2017 USD). The vast majority of these costs fall on consumers.”
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