Paradoksalni časi. Nekdanji izvršni direktor Googla Eric Schmidt je nekoč napovedal, da bodo ZDA vedno vodilne na področju umetne inteligence in tehnologije. Njegov najnovejši članek v Atlanticu z naslovom “Kitajska gradi prihodnost” pa govori o tem, kako je Kitajska tehnološko prehitela ZDA in kako bi ZDA lahko kopirale kitajski pristop k tehnološkemu razvoju. Njegov “recept” je: kopirati kitajski demokratični open source dostop do tehnologij, javno financirati univerze in raziskave, odpreti ZDA za tuje talente in za kitajske investicije, da bi lahko od njih kopirali tehnologije.
Paradoks seveda ni samo v tem, da je komunistična nedemokratična država tehnološko prehitela kapitalistično demokratično državo, pač pa v tem, da je komunistična nedemokratična država svojo tehnološko prednost izgradila na open source pristopu – na odprtju tehnološke kode za vse, medtem ko so se ameriška (kapitalistična) podjetja nedemokrastično zaprla in ljubosumno čuvajo vsak svojo kodo. Posledica te ljubosumne zaprtosti je, da se znanje ne more hitro širiti in da drugi ne morejo hitro napredovati. Posledično vsi skupaj zaostajajo. Mar ni to največji paradoks tehnološkega zaostanka ZDA? In da nato ameriški tehnološki guruji upajo na to, da bodo kitajska podjetja investirala v Ameriki, da bi lahko prišli do njene tehnologije.
In 1896, Li Hongzhang, a diplomat from imperial China, arrived in the United States for the first time. China, then under Qing dynasty rule, had yet to fully undergo the Industrial Revolution. The year before, the Chinese had suffered a humiliating defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, and the country painfully awoke to its own backwardness. Li was stunned by New York City’s tall buildings, rising 20 stories or more, and remarked to American reporters that he had “never seen anything like them before.” He told them: “You are the most inventive people in the world.”
Nearly a century later, in 1988, Wang Huning—then a Fudan University professor and now the fourth-most-powerful man on China’s politburo—visited the United States and experienced a similar “future shock.” After the chaos of the Cultural Revolution, Communist China’s GDP was a mere 6 percent of America’s. During his six months in the United States, Wang marveled at the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, credit cards, computers, the Discovery space shuttle, and research universities such as MIT. “If the Americans are to be overtaken,” he later wrote, “one thing must be done: surpass them in science and technology.”
These days, it’s the foreigners visiting China who often experience future shock, astonished by the towering skyscrapers, high-speed rail, megabridges, and ubiquitous electric cars, super-apps, and trifold smartphones. China has become an innovation powerhouse. The country now accounts for 70 percent of the world’s granted AI patents, 75 percent of global patent applications in clean-energy technology, 41 percent of granted patents in the life sciences and biotechnology, and more patent applications in fusion technology than any other country. Eight of the world’s top 10 institutions by research output are in China, according to the Nature Index. China is debuting not just pilotless flying taxis but also legions of robots, the Tiangong space station, the world’s largest hydropower project, a leading hypersonic-weapons arsenal, and more. Standing on its streets, as we did on a visit this past July, one can feel the country’s intense desire to leapfrog into the future.
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