Nekaj poudarkov iz odlične knjige Johna Mearsheimerja “The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities” iz leta 2018. Mearsheimer je v knjigi opisal to, kar danes tako boleče spoznavajo na Zahodu – tako politiki kot intelektualci: da je pričakovanje, da liberalna hegemonija lahko pripelje do dolgotrajne globalne stabilnosti in miru, velika zabloda. Kot pravi Mearsheimer: “V nasprotju s prevladujočo modrostjo na Zahodu liberalna zunanja politika ni formula za sodelovanje in mir, temveč za nestabilnost in konflikte.” Liberalna hegemonija ne bo dosegla svojih ciljev, njen neuspeh pa bo neizogibno povzročil izjemno škodo. Liberalna država se bo znašla v neskončnih vojnah zaradi izvažanja svojih liberalnih vrednot in svojega videnja demokracije, kar bo povečalo in ne zmanjšalo raven konfliktov v mednarodni politiki ter tako poslabšalo probleme širjenja oboroženih konfliktov in terorizma.
Škoda, da ta knjiga ni bila napisana pred 30 leti in da je nismo takrat prebrali. Lahko bi se izognili mnogim zablodam in manj ljudi bi umrlo zaradi “izvoza demokracije” s strani “najbolj liberalne in demokratične države na svetu”.
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My basic argument is that the United States was so powerful in the aftermath of the Cold War that it could adopt a profoundly liberal foreign policy, commonly referred to as “liberal hegemony.” The aim of this ambitious strategy is to turn as many countries as possible into liberal democracies while also fostering an open international economy and building formidable international institutions. In essence, the United States has sought to remake the world in its own image. Proponents of this policy, which is widely embraced in the American foreign policy establishment, believe it will make the world more peaceful and ameliorate the dual problems of nuclear proliferation and terrorism. It will reduce human rights violations and make liberal democracies more secure against internal threats.
From the beginning, however, liberal hegemony was destined to fail, and it did. This strategy invariably leads to policies that put a country at odds with nationalism and realism, which ultimately have far more influence on international politics than liberalism does. This basic fact of life is difficult for most Americans to accept. The United States is a deeply liberal country whose foreign policy elite have an almost knee – jerk hostility toward both nationalism and realism. But this kind of thinking can only lead to trouble on the foreign policy front. American policymakers would be wise to abandon liberal hegemony and pursue a more restrained foreign policy based on realism and a proper understanding of how nationalism constrains great powers.



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