I have long been sympathetic to the concept of long cycles in capitalist production and accumulation. This is the idea that capitalist production moves in cycles, not just in booms and slumps every 8-10 years or so, but also there are longer periods of generally faster accumulation and output growth ie periods of relative prosperity followed by a periods of relatively slower accumulation and growth, with more recessions. These longer cycles or waves last around 50-60 years including the upswing and downswing.
If such cycles exist and can be supported by empirical evidence, they would provide an important indicator of the state of world capitalist economy. For example, if capitalist economies are in a long upswing of production, investment and profitability, as they were after WW2 up to the lat 1960s, then the prospects for any radical or revolutionary change would be low – capitalism was working. On the other hand, if the world economy had entered a downswing in production, accumulation and profitability, that would create new class tensions that could bring about radical changes (for example, from the late 1960s to the early 1980s, eg with the overthrow of military dictatorships across southern Europe).
The most famous long cycle analysis is attributed to Nicolai Kondratiev, a Russian economist of the early 20th century. He argued that in all ‘probability’ such long cycles existed and he sought to reveal them empirically, primarily by relying on the movements in prices of commodities, which in turn depended on long term investments in infrastructure and in markets. Kondratiev argued that such cycles were ‘endogenous’, ie they were internal or driven by economic forces within capitalism.
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