O tem sem pisal prejšnji teden (Pomen mineralov redke zemlje in globalna strateška odvisnost od Kitajske) – medtem ko se Trump petelini, dviguje, pavzira in spet aktivira carine v obupanem donkihotskem boju proti celemu svetu, so kitajski politiki tiho, vendar zelo učinkoviti. Kitajska vlada je na Trumpovo petelinjenje uvedla zelo preprost, vendar za zahodne države smrtonosen ukrep – uvedla je sistem dovoljenj za izvoz komponent, ki temeljijo na mineralih redkih zemelj. Kitajska kontrolira 90 % globalne ponudbe teh mineralov. Za vsak nakup morajo tuja podjetja natančno specificirati, za katere namene se bodo te komponente uporabljale (predvsem se uporabljajo v električnih motorjih (npr. z neodimom in disprozijem), LED zaslonih in optiki (z europijem, terbijem), pa tudi v katalizatorjih in medicinski diagnostiki (z gadolinijem) ter za zlitine pri ceveh in granatah. Njihova uporaba je nepogrešljiva v zelenih tehnologijah, obrambni in vojaški industriji ter digitalni infrastrukturi).
Če gre za civilno uporabo teh komponent, izvozni posli dobijo zeleno luč. Kitajska vlada pa je eksplicitno prepovedala izvoz teh komponent za uporabo v vojaški industriji. To pomeni, da je zahodna vojaška industrija praktično mrtva, ko bodo pošle zaloge teh komponent. Ni resne alternative zanje, obstaja samo kitajska proizvodnja (90 %). Enako se lahko zgodi ostalim industrijam, če se bo Kitajska prisiljena maščevati na morebitno uvedbo visokih carin s strani ZDA in drugih zahodnih držav. Kot so povedali nekateri ameriški direktorji, imajo podjetja z največjimi zalogami teh komponent zalog le za 2 do 3 mesece.
No, zdaj so to – z grozo – ugotovili tudi v Wall Street Journalu.
China’s long term planning has allowed it to acquire some serious advantages which it now uses to counter economic and other attacks on it.
The refining of rare earth metals and the production of magnets from them is only one of several advantages it gained. These metals are not really rare. They are usually byproducts of large extractions of other minerals. But their refinement was considered to be environmentally dirty. It is only profitable at a large scale. Over the last two decades China has managed to create a near monopoly in it.
Rare earth magnets, while small in size, end up in a myriad of products. They are cheap but essential and difficult to replace.
As soon as the Trump administration tried to put high tariffs on China the country hit back. The export of rare earth products were stopped until a licensing process had been put into place.
The products are now considered to be dual-use items. China will allow the export of them for civilian purposes but it denies their use for the production of weapons. It wants to prevent to be hit by U.S. missiles which have ‘Made in China’ labeled parts in them. It is difficult to blame it for that.
You must be logged in to post a comment.