John Mearsheimer in Branko Milanović imata popolnoma prav, ko pravita, da je mainstream ekonomska veda absolutno neuporabna za razumevanje realizma v mednarodnih odnosih. Ekonomska veda je irelevantna, ko poskuša Trumpa in njegovo kliko podučevati osnov ekonomije glede negativnih učinkov carin, kajti Trumpov (pred njim tudi Bidnov) namen ni bil izboljšati blaginje Američanov, pač pa škoditi Kitajski in ji preprečiti, da bi tehnološko, gospodarsko in vojaško prehitela ZDA. Ekonomisti s(m)o sposobni razmišljati samo v okviru win-win ali win-lose strategije, torej iz vidika konkurenčnega boja za povečanje absolutne blaginje. Naš instrumentarij pa ni sposoben pojasniti lose-lose strategije neke države (podjetja, združbe ali posameznikov), torej da so (bili) Trump I, Biden in Trump II pripravljeni žrtvovati blaginjo Američanov (prek višjih uvoznih carin in prepovedi izvoza tehnologije) z namenom, da Kitajska ne bi pridobila relativno glede na ZDA oziroma da bi ZDA ostale pred Kitajsko. Ekonomisti nis(m)o sposobni razumeti racionalnosti v ravnanju nekoga, ki z uporabo različnih ukrepov (tudi vojne) želi zagotoviti, da bo ostal ali postal (relativno) boljši od drugega, pa čeprav s tem oba absolutno izgubljata.
_____________
In a recent excellent article “War and International politics” (freely accessible) John Mearsheimer presents a succinct version of the realist theory of international relations, as applied to the current multipolar world. He focuses on the inevitable existence of war due to the way the international system is structured: it is an anarchy with no single country enjoying monopoly of power akin to what the state has in domestic politics, and thus with nobody to enforce the rules. He takes to task liberal thinkers for their naivete of believing (in the 1990s) that wars would end and great power politics become obsolete. (Similar naïve view was also ridiculed by Karl Polanyi in The Great Transformation.) Mearsheimer explains it in part by the fact that many liberal thinkers came intellectually of age during the unipolar moment when such dreams, with scant relation to historic realities, could be entertained.
In passing, Mearsheimer makes an observation that is extremely important for economists. He writes:
Mainstream economists can focus on facilitating economic competition within a fundamentally cooperative worldwide system because they pay hardly any attention to how states think about survival in international anarchy, in which war is always a possibility. Thus, concepts like security competition and the balance of power, which are fundamentally important for studying international politics, have no place in conventional economics…Moreover, economists tend to privilege a state’s absolute gains, not its relative gains, which is to say they largely ignore the balance of power.
Nadaljujte z branjem→
You must be logged in to post a comment.